𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐋𝐄𝐇 𝐒𝐀𝐊𝐇𝐔𝐀 𝐀 𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐀𝐋𝐇 𝐄𝐌?

 

Science leh sakhua chu indo tlat, pawm kawp theih loh; an indona ruamah reng reng science lam chak ziah leh, science chuan Pathian hnawl riaua hriatna hi tunlai thangthar zingah a lian hle a ni awm e. Hemi kawngah hian Kristiante than harh a ngai tak zet a. Kan Pathian hian science hi a hnawl a rinawm loh va, science chuan hma sawn zelin Pathian ropuina a tar lang zel zawk ang. Harsatna lo awm thin chu Pathian Thu-in a sawi chin leh Science-in a sawi chin thliar fel kawnga kan buai fo hi a ni. Science nihphung (Philosophy of Science) hriat kan mamawh tihna a ni. Ngaihtuahna sengtute chuan science hmanga hriatna hi kawng hrang hrangin an chhut ve bawk thin.

Rational Realism (Thil nihna ang tak hriatna)

Mi tam zawk chuan Rational Realism an tih, science chuan thil nih dan tak tak zel sawi maia ngaihna hi an pawm a, pawmnahawm tak pawh a ni reng a. Ernan McMullin, Richard Boyd, W.H. Newton Smith, leh Karl Popper te hi hetianga sawitu langsar deuh an ni a. Rational Realism chuan, scientific law te hi thudik emaw, thudik anga pawm theih hnai ber emaw an ni a; science chuan thutak zawngin, leilung leh khawvel hi a nihna anga puan chhuah a tum mai a ni, a ti a. Scientific theory thatna chu ‘simplicity (mawlmang), clarity(fiah), internal and external consistency (nihphung danglam lo), predictive ability (a nih dan phung tur hriat lawk theih), empirical accuracy (a nih dan tur ni zel), scope of relevance (tangkai), fruitfulness (rah chhuah tha)’ a neih hi a ni, an ti. Rational Realism hi pawm harsatna awm lo a ni lem lo. Dika anga ngaih scientific law thenkhat a dik lo tih hmuhchhuah a ni tawh thin a; Data ringawtin a tihfiah zawh loh hi science huang chhungah pawh thil tam tak a awm; hriatna dik tak, dik lo thei lo, chu a pha bik chiah lo a, ‘dik anga ngaih theih’ a ni deuh ber; observation/theory then hran hleih theih loh a nih avangin theory-a innghat lo ‘scientific knowledge’ (science hriatna) a awm thei meuh lo tih hria ila.

Rational Nonrealism (Thil nihna ang taka hriat a ni bik lo)

Rational Nonrealism chuan, ‘Science hian thil nih dan dik tak a phawrh chhuak zo bik lo va, a thil sawi ang diak diak hi a nih dan a ni chuang lo, a lan dân hnai ber a sawi mai a ni’,  a ti a ni deuh ber. Rational Nonrealism chi hrang hrang a awm leh a. Phenomenalism chuan, “science chu hmuh theih chin chauha thawk a ni a, a dan leh theory-te chu hun kal tawha thil hmuhchhuah khaikhawmna, hma lam hun sawilawkna atan a tangkai bawk,” a ti a ni. Operationism chuan scientific entities leh laws te chu thil awm rêng ni lovin laboratory-a tehfung hmanrua ang chauhvah a ngai. Entirnân, thil sei zawng sawina ‘feet’ hi kan thil teha awm a ni lo va, hmanrua kan siam a nih ang hian. Pragmatist Larry Laudan thung chuan science awm chhan chu theory tangkai, leh tangkai lehzual hmuh chhuah zel a ni a, thutak zawn chhuah a ni ber lo, tiin a sawi thin. Science thil tum ber chu mihringte harsatna sukiang tur theory duan chhuah a ni. Chuvangin, “Science hi finna a nih chhan chu a dik vek vang ni lovin khawvel hmasawn zel nâna a thawhhlawk vang a ni. A tangkaina hi a pawimawh,” an ti a ni. Princeton philosopher Bas C. van Fraassen thung chuan ‘constructive empiricism’ a tih mai chu sawiin, “Science-in a tum chu kan hman mai theih tur theory min pek a ni a, chu theory chu kan pawm dawn chuan rinnaa pawm a ngai tho a ni,” tiin science chuan thil hmuh theih china tangkai chauh a tum thu a sawi.

Nonrational Nonrealism (Thutak a pawh pha lo)

Thomas Kuhn leh a sangawizawnpuite phei chuan Nonrational Nonrealism an tih chu tlangaupuiin science hian a tawpkhawkah chuan awmzia nei lem lovin an ngai hial a. Science pawh hi ngaihdanin a kaihhruai a ni a, theory inkalh te hi suihrem theih a ni lo va, tan bik nei lova ngaih science thuneihna pawh hi a buaipuitu ‘pawl’ (scientific community) thua kal deuh mai a ni, an ti a ni. Hei hi history of science chhuitute chuan theory awmang tak a ni tih an hre mai ang. Mi tam takin science chauh hi hriatna dik leh pawmtlak pe theituah an ngai a. Thil dang zawng zawng chu ‘ngaihdan’ emaw, ‘rinthu’ emaw ang chauhah an ngai. Science hian phâk loh chin tam tak a nei tih hriat a tha. A pâwr zual tanfung, “Science atanga hriatna leh a dik leh dik loh kan test theih chauh hi hriatna dik leh finthlak a ni,” tih pawh hi ‘vawtu êk cheh’ case niin a lang. Scientific statement a ni lova, he thu hi science-in a dikna a tichiang thei lo. J.P. Moreland chuan, “Science dikzia tichiang turin science kan hmang thei lo. Mahni pheikhawk hrui pawta kan inkhaikang thei lo ang chiah hi a ni. Science dikna pawmna hi science ni lovin philosophy a ni a, chumi hnawl tum chuan ‘vawtu ek cheh’ case-ah a lut mai thin,” tiin hemi chungchângah hian thu fing tak a sawi a ni.

Science hi science ni lo-ah a innghat

Rational Realist anga science hian thudik pho chhuak zela kan ngaih dawn pawhin, science piahlam a mi ‘science lem lo’ tak thu thut beh sa (presumption) kan nei a ni ang. Scientific worldview kan pawm dawn chuan kan hriatnate (sense organs) te hian keimahni pawn lam thil hi dik takin min hriattir zel a ni tih kan pawm a ngai, chu chu science-in a finfiah  theih loh thil a ni; kan ngaihtuahna rilru hi a rinawm tawk a, khawvel hian kalphung fel tak a nei tih pawm sa a ngai bawk (science huang hhung a ni lo leh a); thudik (truth) hi mihringte hriat theih a awm (science hmanga finfiah ngaihna awm lo) tih te hi a thut bet sa tlat a. Science piahlama ngaih ‘moral values’ te pawh a keng tel tûn mai. Entirnân, scientific method chuan a experiment result report kawngah thu dik tak a sawi a ngai, tih te a keng tel a ni. Chuti lovin science chu rintlak a ni thei dawn si lo. Chuvangin, science pawh amah mai chuan a ding zo chuang lo tih a chiang a ni.

Science leh sakhua a inkalh lo

Chuvang chuan alawm, Science ngaihsân avang maia Pathian awm rin loh hi a finthlak loh ni. Science-in sakhua a kalh si lo. Princeton mathematician David Berlinski-an, “Science hian sakhua hi a kalh angah kan ngai a nih pawhin, scientific theory te vang a ni lo tih hriat tel a tha. Heng theory te hian Pathian an sawi tel ngai si lo. Kaihhnawih an duh ve reng a nih loh chuan rinna chungchâng pawh kaihhnawih a tul lo… Scientist thenkhatin Pathian awm lohzia anmahni pindan chhûng atanga an sawi pap pap hian Science thudik awm sa sawi an ni lem lo, Pathian awm leh awm loh chungchâng phei chu hla tak a ni,” tiin, amah sakhaw mi tak ni lem lo mah se science hminga miten sakhua an beihna chu thiah tumin science-in a thlen theih chin a sawi a ni. USA-a National Academy of Sciences pawhin, “Sakhaw thenkhat zirtirna leh evolution inkalh anga ngaihna chhan chu science leh sakhua danglamna hriat loh vang a ni. Science leh sakhua hian khawvel chungchângah zawhna inang lo an chhâng ve ve a. Lei leh van awm chhan leh hringnun thiltum te hi science-in a hriat tum a ni lo.  Science leh sakhua hian hringfate tan thil pawimawh tak tak an lo thlen tawh a, thil hlu tak tak an thlen zel bawk ang…Science chu he khawvel hmuh theih chin sawifiahna a ni a. Hei bâk hi a pên thei lova, hemi khawvel piah lam sawina a ni lo. Pathian awm leh awm loh chungchângah chuan science-in thutlukna a nei lo,” tiin a lo puang zawk hial a ni.

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