𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐋𝐄𝐇 𝐒𝐀𝐊𝐇𝐔𝐀 𝐀 𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐀𝐋𝐇 𝐄𝐌?
Science
leh sakhua chu indo tlat, pawm kawp theih loh; an indona ruamah reng reng science
lam chak ziah leh, science chuan Pathian hnawl riaua hriatna hi tunlai
thangthar zingah a lian hle a ni awm e. Hemi kawngah hian Kristiante than harh
a ngai tak zet a. Kan Pathian hian science hi a hnawl a rinawm loh va, science
chuan hma sawn zelin Pathian ropuina a tar lang zel zawk ang. Harsatna lo awm thin
chu Pathian Thu-in a sawi chin leh Science-in a sawi chin thliar fel kawnga kan
buai fo hi a ni. Science nihphung (Philosophy of Science) hriat kan mamawh
tihna a ni. Ngaihtuahna sengtute chuan science hmanga hriatna hi kawng hrang
hrangin an chhut ve bawk thin.
Rational Realism (Thil nihna ang tak hriatna)
Mi tam
zawk chuan Rational Realism an tih,
science chuan thil nih dan tak tak zel sawi maia ngaihna hi an pawm a,
pawmnahawm tak pawh a ni reng a. Ernan McMullin, Richard Boyd, W.H. Newton
Smith, leh Karl Popper te hi hetianga sawitu langsar deuh an ni a. Rational
Realism chuan, scientific law te hi thudik emaw, thudik anga pawm theih hnai
ber emaw an ni a; science chuan thutak zawngin, leilung leh khawvel hi a nihna
anga puan chhuah a tum mai a ni, a ti a. Scientific theory thatna chu
‘simplicity (mawlmang), clarity(fiah), internal and external consistency (nihphung
danglam lo), predictive ability (a nih dan phung tur hriat lawk theih),
empirical accuracy (a nih dan tur ni zel), scope of relevance (tangkai),
fruitfulness (rah chhuah tha)’ a neih hi a ni, an ti. Rational Realism hi pawm
harsatna awm lo a ni lem lo. Dika anga ngaih scientific law thenkhat a dik lo
tih hmuhchhuah a ni tawh thin a; Data
ringawtin a tihfiah zawh loh hi science huang chhungah pawh thil tam tak a awm;
hriatna dik tak, dik lo thei lo, chu a pha bik chiah lo a, ‘dik anga ngaih
theih’ a ni deuh ber; observation/theory then hran hleih theih loh a nih
avangin theory-a innghat lo ‘scientific knowledge’ (science hriatna) a awm thei
meuh lo tih hria ila.
Rational Nonrealism (Thil nihna ang taka hriat a ni
bik lo)
Rational Nonrealism chuan, ‘Science hian thil nih dan dik tak a phawrh
chhuak zo bik lo va, a thil sawi ang diak diak hi a nih dan a ni chuang lo, a
lan dân hnai ber a sawi mai a ni’, a ti
a ni deuh ber. Rational Nonrealism chi hrang hrang a awm leh a. Phenomenalism
chuan, “science chu hmuh theih chin chauha thawk a ni a, a dan leh theory-te
chu hun kal tawha thil hmuhchhuah khaikhawmna, hma lam hun sawilawkna atan a tangkai
bawk,” a ti a ni. Operationism chuan scientific entities leh laws te chu thil
awm rêng ni lovin laboratory-a tehfung hmanrua ang chauhvah a ngai. Entirnân,
thil sei zawng sawina ‘feet’ hi kan thil teha awm a ni lo va, hmanrua kan siam
a nih ang hian. Pragmatist Larry Laudan thung chuan science awm chhan chu
theory tangkai, leh tangkai lehzual hmuh chhuah zel a ni a, thutak zawn chhuah
a ni ber lo, tiin a sawi thin. Science thil tum ber chu mihringte harsatna
sukiang tur theory duan chhuah a ni. Chuvangin, “Science hi finna a nih chhan
chu a dik vek vang ni lovin khawvel hmasawn zel nâna a thawhhlawk vang a ni. A
tangkaina hi a pawimawh,” an ti a ni. Princeton philosopher Bas C. van Fraassen
thung chuan ‘constructive empiricism’ a tih mai chu sawiin, “Science-in a tum
chu kan hman mai theih tur theory min pek a ni a, chu theory chu kan pawm dawn
chuan rinnaa pawm a ngai tho a ni,” tiin science chuan thil hmuh theih china tangkai
chauh a tum thu a sawi.
Nonrational Nonrealism (Thutak a pawh pha lo)
Thomas
Kuhn leh a sangawizawnpuite phei chuan Nonrational
Nonrealism an tih chu tlangaupuiin science hian a tawpkhawkah chuan awmzia
nei lem lovin an ngai hial a. Science pawh hi ngaihdanin a kaihhruai a ni a,
theory inkalh te hi suihrem theih a ni lo va, tan bik nei lova ngaih science
thuneihna pawh hi a buaipuitu ‘pawl’ (scientific community) thua kal deuh mai a
ni, an ti a ni. Hei hi history of science chhuitute chuan theory awmang tak a
ni tih an hre mai ang. Mi tam takin science chauh hi hriatna dik leh pawmtlak
pe theituah an ngai a. Thil dang zawng zawng chu ‘ngaihdan’ emaw, ‘rinthu’ emaw
ang chauhah an ngai. Science hian phâk loh chin tam tak a nei tih hriat a tha.
A pâwr zual tanfung, “Science atanga hriatna leh a dik leh dik loh kan test
theih chauh hi hriatna dik leh finthlak a ni,” tih pawh hi ‘vawtu êk cheh’ case
niin a lang. Scientific statement a ni lova, he thu hi science-in a dikna a
tichiang thei lo. J.P. Moreland chuan, “Science dikzia tichiang turin science
kan hmang thei lo. Mahni pheikhawk hrui pawta kan inkhaikang thei lo ang chiah
hi a ni. Science dikna pawmna hi science ni lovin philosophy a ni a, chumi
hnawl tum chuan ‘vawtu ek cheh’ case-ah a lut mai thin,” tiin hemi chungchângah
hian thu fing tak a sawi a ni.
Science hi science ni lo-ah a innghat
Rational
Realist anga science hian thudik pho chhuak zela kan ngaih dawn pawhin, science
piahlam a mi ‘science lem lo’ tak thu thut beh sa (presumption) kan nei a ni
ang. Scientific worldview kan pawm dawn chuan kan hriatnate (sense organs) te
hian keimahni pawn lam thil hi dik takin min hriattir zel a ni tih kan pawm a
ngai, chu chu science-in a finfiah theih
loh thil a ni; kan ngaihtuahna rilru hi a rinawm tawk a, khawvel hian kalphung
fel tak a nei tih pawm sa a ngai bawk (science huang hhung a ni lo leh a);
thudik (truth) hi mihringte hriat theih a awm (science hmanga finfiah ngaihna
awm lo) tih te hi a thut bet sa tlat a. Science piahlama ngaih ‘moral values’
te pawh a keng tel tûn mai. Entirnân, scientific method chuan a experiment
result report kawngah thu dik tak a sawi a ngai, tih te a keng tel a ni. Chuti
lovin science chu rintlak a ni thei dawn si lo. Chuvangin, science pawh amah
mai chuan a ding zo chuang lo tih a chiang a ni.
Science leh sakhua a inkalh lo
Chuvang
chuan alawm, Science ngaihsân avang maia Pathian awm rin loh hi a finthlak loh
ni. Science-in sakhua a kalh si lo. Princeton mathematician David Berlinski-an,
“Science hian sakhua hi a kalh angah kan ngai a nih pawhin, scientific theory te
vang a ni lo tih hriat tel a tha. Heng theory te hian Pathian an sawi tel ngai
si lo. Kaihhnawih an duh ve reng a nih loh chuan rinna chungchâng pawh
kaihhnawih a tul lo… Scientist thenkhatin Pathian awm lohzia anmahni pindan
chhûng atanga an sawi pap pap hian Science thudik awm sa sawi an ni lem lo,
Pathian awm leh awm loh chungchâng phei chu hla tak a ni,” tiin, amah sakhaw mi
tak ni lem lo mah se science hminga miten sakhua an beihna chu thiah tumin
science-in a thlen theih chin a sawi a ni. USA-a National Academy of Sciences
pawhin, “Sakhaw thenkhat zirtirna leh evolution inkalh anga
ngaihna chhan chu science leh sakhua danglamna hriat loh vang a ni. Science leh
sakhua hian khawvel chungchângah zawhna inang lo an chhâng ve ve a. Lei leh van
awm chhan leh hringnun thiltum te hi science-in a hriat tum a ni lo. Science leh sakhua hian hringfate tan thil
pawimawh tak tak an lo thlen tawh a, thil hlu tak tak an thlen zel bawk
ang…Science chu he khawvel hmuh theih chin sawifiahna a ni a. Hei bâk hi a pên
thei lova, hemi khawvel piah lam sawina a ni lo. Pathian awm leh awm loh chungchângah chuan science-in thutlukna a nei
lo,” tiin a lo puang zawk hial a ni.
*****RE18062021*****
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