𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐈𝐏𝐔𝐑𝐀 𝐒𝐀𝐊𝐇𝐀𝐖 𝐃𝐈𝐍𝐇𝐌𝐔𝐍

Manipur hi Hindu ram tih theih khawpa Hindu sakhuain phai rama mi tam zawk Meitei kan tihte a chiah hnehna ram a ni a. Tlangrama chengte erawh chu Kristian an ni thung. Kum zabi 18-ah khan meitei Lal Pamheiba’n a ram sakhua atan Vaishnavism (Hindu pathian Vishnu biakna) a lo puang tawh a. Chu chu 1891-a British hovin an rawn hneh thleng khan a ding a ni. Meitei ho chuan Hindu pathian Lord Arjuna thlah niin an inchhal a. Hindu lal pakhat Maharaja Churachand Singh-a hovin 1934 khan sakhaw thil enkawltu leh tichaktu atan Nikhil Hindu Manipuri Mahasabha an lo din daih tawh a ni.

𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐚 𝐬𝐚𝐤𝐡𝐚𝐰 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐮 𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠 𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠

Khawtlang nun leh sakhaw thil pawh a lo danglam ve zel a. Kum 1981 atang khan kum 20 chhung chauhvin Hindu ho hi 70% atanga 45% in an kiam a ni awm e, hei hian Hindu intellectual ho ngeng a chhun hle a ni awm e. He thil thleng hi Meitei ho sakhaw hmasa Sanamahi a lo lar tak vang leh Kristian pun vang a nih ngei a rinawm. Kum 2011 Census-ah khan Hindute chuan 41.39% an ni a, hemi zinga 5% vel chu Scheduled Caste (Loi) leh 0.1% chu ST ve tho Yathibi a ni awm e. Hindu dang zawng chu hnam tha Kshatriya leh Brahmin an ni a. Kristian 41.29% niin Muslim 8.40% a nih laiin Tribal & Other Religions hi 8.19% lai a ni thung. Hetah hian anmahni hnam sakhua Sanamahi a tel a ni mai thei. A dang zawng chu Buddhist 0.25%, Jainism 0.06%, 0.05% leh sakhuaa inziak lut lo 0.38% an ni.

𝐕𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐧𝐮 𝐛𝐢𝐚𝐤𝐧𝐚

A tirah chuan Vaishnavism (Hindu pathian Vishnu biakna) leh Meitei hovin an sakhaw lo biak thin pangngai Sanamahi chu insu buai lovin a kalkawp tha viau a. Kum zabi 15-nah Vaisnavism zirtirna thar a thang chak hle a. Hindu mithianghlim tam tak Sankaradeva, Cheiteinadeva, Kabir, Ballavachary, te khan Neo-Vaisnavism an tih chu an tlangaupui thin a ni. Hetih hun lai hian Manipur lal Kyamba chuan Lord Vishnu lim biain Brahmin ho chhamphualte pawh a lo hmang tawh thin tih hriat a ni a. Historian thenkhat chuan Vishnu lim pawh kha 1474 kuma Pong lal (Shan, Myanmar)-in a present niin an sawi nghe nghe.

Thenkhat erawh chuan he hun laia Vaishnavism hi Shri Vishnu Swami –a pawlte hnuhma niin an ring thung. Tin, zabi 15-na laia lal ve tho Khagemba hunlaiin Vishnu hi an lo be tawh thin a. Khawthlang lam atanga lo kal, Bishnupur vela cheng ta te hian he sakhua hi an lo zui thin a ni. He hun laiah hi chuan Neo-Vaisnavism hi a lo la thleng lo, an ti. Shiva biak, Sakta, leh tantric chi hrang hrang leh Meitei sakhaw pangngai kha kalkawp maiin an sawi a ni. Historian thenkhat erawh chuan Hinduism Manipura a luh hun hi 1717 AD –a Santidas Gosai-an a put luh niin an sawi ve thung a ni.

Kum zabi 18-na chuan kai tirhah chuan Neo-Vaisnavism chuan he ramah hian hmun a khuar nghet hle tawh a. Lal Tubi Charairongba chu Raibalnamali Khrishnacharya zirtir niin Gouranga Vaisnavism pawlah lak luh a ni. Hetia Lal Charairongba zirtir atana lak luh a nih hnu hian Vaisnavism chuan changtlun lam a pan zel a. Mahse, Hindu sakhua rau rauah Ramandi sect, Nimandi cult, leh Sakshya te pawhin hnuhma an nei ve tho a ni. Lal sakhaw mi tak Garibniwaj (18^th cent) chuan a hun tawp lamah Gouriya Vaishnavism chu a pawm zui ta ber a ni.

Gouriya Vaishnavism aia zirtirna dang zui tumna han awm ve det mah se  Manipur ram sakhua chu Gouriya Vaishnavism a lo ni hlen ta a ni. Chu sakhua chu Gouranga Mahaprabhu zirtirna anga Radha-Krishna Jugal Rupa biakna a ni. Hemi hnua Cheiteinadeva’n Bengala Pandit ho zirtirna a rawn theh darh pawh Meitei hovin an lo pawm thiam hle a, mahse pathian hnena thilpek hlan dan te, chal hnawih ran dan te chu an remchan danin an her danglam thung (Mizovin Meiteite hi ‘chalrang’ kan ti). Heng zawng zawng bakah hian Meitei pathian bik - Nongpok Ningthou, Sanamahi, Leimarel Sidabi, the Umanglai (pathian 364) te an be chhunzawm ta zel a ni. Vaishnav temple hi Imphal ringawtah pawh 3 aia tlem lo a awm a, Lamangdong, Ningthoukhong, Khangabok, Kakching-ah te pawh a awm ta zel a ni.

Hinduism a lo lar chhoh vang lai 1729 velah chuan Meitei hnam sakhua lehkhabute chu, Vaishnavism a lar chak theih nan, an lal thupekin an hal sak hlawm a ni awm e. Hei hi Puya Meithaba tiin an sawi thin. Mahse, a then azar mite lo thuhruk chu hmuh chhuah leh a ni, an ti. Heng sakhaw bu la chambangte atang hian an sakhaw hlui zia leh inzirtirna tam tak an zir thar a. Mahse, vaishnavism chuan a ram leh a mihring pumpui mai hi a lo chiah hneh tawh a, sakhaw lian ber a la ni zel. Tribal ho Kristian sakhuaah an inlet bawk nen, Meitei Pakhangba Laining  pawl chuan hnam sakhua tivul thar leh turin tan an khawh sauh sauh a ni. 

𝐌𝐞𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐢 𝐬𝐚𝐤𝐡𝐮𝐚: 𝐒𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐡𝐢

Sanamahi sakhua tia kan sawi hi Meitei te sakhua, Hindu sakhuain a pawlh hmaa mi kha a ni. Kan sawi tak ang khan Hinduism an pawmsan a, Sanamahi sakhaw lehkhabute pawh Hinduism vawrh darh duh luat vangin an hal hial a nih kha. Sanamahi chu ‘Ni Pathian’ tihna a ni a, pathian sang ber Lainingtho Sorarel  biain an thlahtute an zui a ni. Hnam tinin enkawltu pathian bik, thingbuka cheng Umang Lai an tih chu an nei.  An pathian (Lai) lar zual te chu – Atiya Sidaba, Pakhangba, Sanamahi, Leimaren, Oknarel, Panganba, Thangjing, Marjing, Marjing, Wangbaren, leh Koubru, te an ni. Hindu sakhua zuitu te pawh hian an hnam sakhuaa thil tam tak hi Hinduism-ah an chhawm lut ve tho a ni.

Manipur ram inrelbawlnaah Lord Sanamahi leh a sangawizawnpui Lord Pakhangba ten an thiltihtheihna zawng zawng chu an lalte kutah an dah a, chu chuan lalte dinhmun pawimawh tak a pe a. An ngaihdan chuan Sanamahi thiltihtheihna mak tak chu Manipur lalte kaltlangin  mipui zingah sem a ni a. Tichuan, sanamahi atang chuan malsawmna chi hrang hrang a lo thleng a ni. Chutianga pathian lam hial an pawh avang chuan Manipur lalte dinhmun chu sang tak a ni a, mipuite pawh an chungah an innghat lo thei lo a ni.

𝐒𝐚𝐤𝐡𝐮𝐚𝐚 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐚

Sanamahi sakhua hi kum 1704 atangin a lar lo tial tial a, kan hriat angin Hindu Vaisvanismin a rawn thlak hnuah kum zabi 20-na chawhnu lamah a rawn harh thar leh ta chauh a ni. Amaherawhchu, mi tam takin he sakhua hi khatih hun lai pawh khan thi hulhualah an ngai chuang lo. Meitei lalte ngei pawhin mahni chhungkuaah chuan Sanamahi pathian tana hmun serh chu an inchhung chhim-thlang lamah, zing ni chhuah leh tlaka an biak atan an dah thin a ni.

 Kum 1940 chhoah Meitei ho zingah anmahni hmanlai sakhua ngaihvenna a rawn thar ta a. Hei hi sakhua, khawtlang leh hnam nuna an lal Maharaja thuneihna a tlak hniam telh telh vang pawh a ni thei ang. Shumang Leela an tih an lemchante chuan an rawn lantir ta fo a. Amaherawhchu, he movement rawn intanna tak tak chu Manipur pawn Assam ram chhung Cachar lam atangin a ni daih mai. Kum 1930 khan Noriya Phulo an tih chuan Brahmin leh Hindu ho dona boruak Cacharah a chawk chhuak a. Apokpa Marup (thlahtu pathian hming pakhat) tih pawl a din a. 1945-ah chuan Manipur ram rawn kaiin Sanamahi tiin a lar ta a ni. A khaikhawmtu pawl chu Meitei Phurup an ti a, a branch te te chu marup an ti mai a ni. Meitei ten an lo biak thin pathian Umang Lai  501 lai an han chhiar thei ta mai a, chung zinga 264 te chu pathian, 237 te chu pathiannu an ni. Chungte chu ti hian han then hrang leh diat diat ila:

 

         1.         Thlahtu pathian Pakhangba (ancestor deity);

         2.         Thilsiam pathian Koubru (nature related deity);

         3.         Hmun mawi leh ropui bika awm Sankardeva, Ramji Ningthou (exotic deities);

         4.         Suangtuahna rama mi Hijagang lai, Tilleng-Kangleng lai (imaginary deities).

 

Meetei Phurup pian ni May 14, 1945 kha Manipur ram sakhaw chanchin atan chhinchhiah tlak a ni zelin a rinawm. Chu chuan Meitei culture, Meitei hawrawp,  leh Meitei sakhua ngaihsan tharna boruak a rawn thlen tak tak ta a ni. Hinduism nen pawh a insu ta hial a. A hnu kum 2, 1947-ah Meitei Marup member 38 chu Hindu pawl pakhat Brahma Saba atanga ban an ni a. Hindu hun pawimawh (kut, pian, thih, etc.,) ah reng reng tel phal an ni lo. Brahma Saba chuan Meitei Marup memberte chu pawl pawh an phal lo hial a. Hna pawh an thawk ho thei lo va, inneih pawlh phei chu hla tak a ni.

Kum zabi 20-na a lo ral dawn meuh chuan Sanamahism chu Manipur ramah a insawhnghet ta hle a. Lehkhathiam tam tak vang te, mihring lo pung ta leh mahni hnama harhtharna lo awm tak zel vang niin a lang. Chi tha leh tha lo inthliarna (caste system) hi Sanamahi-ah hian a awm lo bawk nen, thangthar ho a hneh ta telh telhin a hriat a. Sakhaw hlui Hinduism phuarnate hlipin a thar zawk angin a ram sakhua lo ni thin tawh zawk chu zuitu an pung ve ta telh telh a ni. 

Lal Pamheiba lal laia Hinduism-a an inbaptis runpui kha February 16, 1974 khan sutna baptisma an nei ve leh ta a. April 23, 1992 –ah chutih hunlaia Maharaja Okendrajid Sana chuan he thu hi a puang a: “Lubak Tabu ka hawng a, Hindu sakhua hi state sakhua a nihna leh chutiang anga kan pawmna chu he ram Royal Customary Law min phalna angin ka sut a ni. Chu chauh ni lovin Royal Customary Law hian Lainingthouism chu state sakhua atan ka puang a, ka hriatpui a ni,” tiin. Meitei hawrawpa an sakhaw bu ziak 1729-a Pamheiba lal laia an halna ni kha Puya Mei Thaba Ningshing Thouram  tiin an serh ta bawk. He harhna hian hun rei tak thuziak nana an lo hman tawh Bengali hawrawp chu a hnawl a, Meitei hawrawp (Meitei Mayek) chawilar an tum nasa a. Chanchinbu te pawh Meitei Mayeka ziak turin an ti thin. Bengali hawrawpa ziak lehkhabu tam tak kum 2004 khan an hal a ni.

Sanamahi sakhaw kut te pawh a lar zel a. Sajibu Cheirouba chu kum thar lawm nan an hmang thin. Tin, 1981 atang khan Census khan Sanamahi zuitute chhiar tel an ni ve ta ni. State pawna mi changkang awm hovin he sakhua hi an zui a, hun pawimawh  leh thiltih (Imoinu leh Cheirouba) te chu an lo hmang ve zel a. Sanamahi sakhua serh leh sang inzirtirna bu pawh a chhuak tam telh telh a ni.

 

𝐓𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐤𝐚𝐰𝐦𝐧𝐚

 

Kum za tam tak an sakhua anga an neih tawh Vaisnavism thlauhthlak duhna a lian tial tial a, amaherawhchu Sanamahi zuitute chu tlem te zawk an la ni reng. Hinduism do pawl chuan Hindu sakhua chu Brahmanism (Brahmin ho thuneihna) angin an hmu a. Meitei sakhua tak tak zawk Sanamahi leh an culture tichhetu angin an hmu ve tlat. An hmanlai thu inhlanchhawn leh thurin mai bakah an hawrawpte thlenga tihbo saktuah an ngai bawk. Meitei society-a chi inthliarna (caste system) awm ngai lo, rawn awmtirtuah an puh ve bawk a ni. Tun hnaiah hian Scheduled Tribe dinhmun an dil tan mek tih kan hria. Heng zawng zawng hi politics thila remchang zawnna te, thangthar zinga mahni hnam thil ngaihhlutna lo piang thar zel vang te a ni awm e. Tun hnai bera thil thleng erawh hi chuan RSS Hindutva zirtirna zulzuia hnam dangte hnawk tihna leh  an sakhua huatna hi a chiang hle a ni. Hmanlaia Hinduism an lo tuh tawh ang khan tunah chuan Hindutva an tuh leh a ni ber awm e.

  

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