𝐙𝐔 𝐋𝐄𝐇 𝐑𝐔𝐈𝐇𝐇𝐋𝐎: 𝐓𝐇𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐔 𝐍𝐔𝐍 𝐀 𝐍𝐆𝐇𝐀𝐖𝐍𝐆 𝐃𝐀𝐍

1                                                      ATHEISM BIHCHIANNA 2

                                Tuarna Chungchânga Harsatna (The Problem of Evil)

Kum 1945 chho velah khan America ramah tleirawl Evangelist pahnih Chuck Templeton leh Billy Graham an lâr chhuak rual a. Templetona lâr zawk tura ngaih a ni awm e. Amaherawhchu, Templeton chuan rinna kalsanin Pathian awm a hnawl ta a, a rawngbawlna pawh a chawlhsan nghal a ni. A pawi hle. Pathian a hnawl \anna chu Life magazine kawma African nu pakhat, \am pui an tawrh lai a, a fa nausên pawm chunga beidawng taka vân lam hawi thla a hmuh a\angin a ni a. Pathian a awm chuan eng emaw tal tihsak turin a ngai a ni.[1] Tuarna, hrehawmna, thil \ha lo, khawvela thleng reng si hi miten Pathian awm an hnawl nachhan lian ber a ni awm e.[2] An \anfung chu heti hian han sawi dawn ila:

(i)                 Khawvelah hian Tuarna a awm.

(ii)               Pathian engkim tithei leh hmangaihna famkim nei a nih chuan tuarna tibo ang.

(iii)             Tuarna hi tihbovin a awm lo tih kan hria.

(iv)             Pathian chu hmangaihtu a ni lo emaw, a awm lo hrim hrim emaw a ni.

Tuarna hi nunphung pangngai delh rengtu (existential problem) a nih avangin ngaihtuah leh chhût dik (logical, intellectual) mai pawh a tawk \hin loh avangin fimkhur a ngai hle a ni. Kristian thinker-ten kawng hrang hranga hrilhfiah an lo tum tawh \hin a. A lâr zualte han tarlang ila.

Augustinian Theodicy: Theologian leh Philosopher ni kawp, mi ropui hmasa St. Augustine khan he thu hi a lo chai nasa a. A sawi dân hi Mizote pawm dan tlangpui a ni awm e. Pathianin thil engkim \ha takin a siam a. Chutah chuan sual(tuarna) chu a lo lut ta a ni. Chu tuarna lo luh theih chhan pawh angel leh mihringin zalenna (freedom) kan neih vang a ni a. Chu chu hman sual a nih avangin he khawvel \ha êm êmah hi tihchhiata awmin tuarna chu a lo awm ta a ni. Augustinea chuan, “Tuarna leh thil \ha lo zawng zawng chu sual emaw, sual hremna emaw a ni,”[3] a ti tawp mai. He \anfung sawiselna ber chu, thilsiam \ha famkimah sual a lo lût a nih chuan a \ha famkim lo tihna a ni ang a, a siamtu mawhphurhna a ni, tih hi a ni. Tin, tuarna hi a tuartu sual vang a ni vek lo tih hi nunphung pangngai a\ang pawhin a hriat theih a ni.

Irenaean Theodicy: Augustinea hma daihin St. Irenaeus (c. 130-c.202 AD) he thu hi a lo chai tawh bawk a. Ani chuan Augustinea sawi angin mihring hi \ha famkima siam a ni lo va. A tirah famkim lo taka siam kha \hang chho zel a, Pathian fa ni tura \hang zel tur a ni, a ti. Augustinea sawi dân kha chuan mihring \hat famkimna chu hun kal tawh (Eden) a ni a, Irenaeus-a erawh chuan famkimna chu kan \han tawpah, hmalam hunah a dah thung a ni. He mihring \han zel nân hian zalenna leh tuarna hi a awm a ngai ve hrim hrimah a ngai. He theodicy chakna chu famkimna panna kawng chu nuam famkim a ni dawn lo a tih hi a ni a, a \huanawpna ve thung chu sualna rawng lutuk leh tuarna nasa zual te hi hrilhfiah a har tho tho hi a ni. Tin, mihring tlûkna thu Genesisa kan hmuh hi a hnawl deuh chu a nih hi.

Process Theodicy: Hei hi kan Pathian Thu pawm dan pangngai nen a inhlat hle. Pathian chuan Tuarna chungah tih theih engmah a nei bik lo a. Engkimtithei a nih loh avangin mihringte tuarnaah hian a tuar ve tlawk tlawk mai a ni. Mihringte chu an harsatna a\anga chhanchhuak tura \anpuiin, an duhthlanna ngeia an buaina chinfelpui chu a tum a ni a. Khuarel chungah engmah tih theih nei lo mah se a \anpui thei a ni. Process theodicy hi âwm lo viauin lang mah se tuarna mawhphurhna a\angin Pathian a la hrangin, a hmangaihna a sawifiah a; Pathian chu mihringte tuarna hriatpuitu a nihna a tilang a, Pathian Fapa tuarna a hmang \angkai thiam bawk a ni. Leh lamah chuan, Pathian hi a ti-Pathian lo riau thung.

Atheist hovin Tuarna an hnawl chhan \anfung 4-ah khan ngaihdan awm sa inphum pawimawh tak 2 a awm a. Chungte chu a dik leh dik lohvin kori a tu viau dawn a ni. Thu inphûm te chu-

(i)                 Pathian chu engkimtithei a nih chuan eng pawh a ti thei,

(ii)               Pathian chu mi \ha a nih chuan Tuarna tel lo khawvel a siam ngei ang.

            A hmasa zawk chungchangah hian nichina kan sawi tak Pathianin engkim a ti thei tih hi hman fimkhur a ngaihthu kha hria ila. Mihring zalên (free) a siam dawn chuan a thunun (control) thei lo tih a chiang a ni.[4] Chutiang bawkin ramhuaite pawhin zalênna an nei ve a, khawvelah thil tam tak an tikhawlo a ni thei ang. A pahnihna zawkin a man fuh loh chu, \hatnain tuarna keng tel thei lo tura a ngai hi a ni. Nu leh Pa, Doctor (a bik takin Surgeon) te chuan thil \ha zawk duhna avangin tuar hmasak a ngai fo tih an hria. Heng thu te hi Pathian awm ‘proof’ a ni hran lo va, Tuarna leh Pathian a inkalh bur lem lo tih sawina mai a ni.

            He logical problem aia harsa zawk mah probabilistic problem an tih a awm bawk a. Chu chuan Pathian leh Tuarna chu awm kawp thei lovah ngai bur lovin tuarna nasa lutuk avang hian Pathian hi a awm lo a nih hmel zawk, a ti a ni. Tuarna chu a awm a \ul a ni mai thei, mahse tuarna hleihluak tak tak (\ul lêm lo) te hi engtinnge hmangaihtu Pathian nen kan hmer kawp tak ang? an ti a ni.[5] Paul Draper phei chuan Pathian kaihhnawih lo hian hrilhfiah awlsam zawkah a ngai. Kristian thurin a\anga chhanna tur ti hian han duang chhin ila:

(i)                 Dam chhan ber chu hlimna ni lovin Pathian hriat a ni.

(ii)               Mihringte chu Pathian leh a thiltum laka hel tawh an ni.

(iii)             Pathian thiltumah chuan thih hnu piah lama Chatuan nunna a tel.

(iv)             Pathian hriatna hi engkim dang zawng aia \ha a ni.[6]

Tuarna hi a awm ngei a. Pathian awm nena inhmeh lova kan ngaih chuan Atheism-in chhanna \ha zawk a pe thei em? tih hi kan zawh lêt tur a ni ang. Atheism chhanna hi a bûl hle a, tuarna chu tuarnaah tawpin a piah lama beisei tur engmah min pe thei lo a ni. A thlawnin hringfaten kan tuar mai a nih chu. Kristianna erawh chuan, engkim tunah la hre fiah vek lo mah ila, mihringte tuarna luhchilha, hneh a, chumi piah lama beiseina nung leh tak petu Pathian a chhawp chhuak a ni. A tawpkhawkah chuan Tuarna hian Pathian awm hi hnawl lovin, Pathian awm \ulzia a tilang hlauh zawk a ni. Tuarna zawng zawng thil\ha zawka chantir theitu chu Pathian chauh a ni si a.

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[1] Lee Strobel, The Case for Faith (Secunderabad: OM Books, 2000), 14.

[2] Sap\awnga Evil tih hi Mizo\awnga dah a har hle. Tuarna ti mai ila a huam kim ber awm e.

[3] Quoted by John Hick, Philosophy of Religion (Eaglewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1990), 42.

[4] See Alvin Plantinga, The Nature of Necessity (Oxford: Clarendon, 1974).

[5] William Rowe, “The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism,” American Philosophical Quarterly 16 (1979). Paul Draper, “Probabilistic Arguments from Evil,” Religious Studies 28 (1993), 303–17. See also a Christian response by Gregory E. Ganssle, “God and Evil” in Paul K. Moser & Paul Copan (ed.) The Rationality of Theism (London: Routledge, 2003), 259-277.

[6] William Lane Craig, Hard Questions, Real Answers (Wheaton: Crossway Books, 2003), 94-100.